Tech Tips - Part 6

With over 75 years in the filtration industry, Baldwin Filters recognises that there is specific terminology we all use to communicate different aspects related back to filters, filter maintenance and performance, filter components etc. In order to help us all understand the different characteristics of filters, regardless of the brand, they have created a series of Tech Tips where they will look at and explain the different terminology we all use.

Abrasives
Those particles, which when caught between moving surfaces, will “abrade” or wear surfaces.

Abrasion
The wearing, grinding, or rubbing away by friction. Abrasion in a filtration system is usually due to the presence of foreign matter such as dirt, grit or metallic particles in the lubricant.

Cavitation
The formation and collapse of vapour bubbles caused by a partial vacuum within a liquid.

Cavitation Corrosion/Erosion
Formation of voids or air bubbles in a liquid when subjected to intense vibrations or sudden pressure drop. The shock waves created by the collapse of these voids or air bubbles can cause severe mechanical damage to the surfaces of metal.

Chemical Corrosion
Sulphur that is generated from the combustion of fuel mixed with water, which becomes acidic and degrades or corrodes the metal engine parts.

Electrolytic Corrosion
Two differing metals in contact with each other in a liquid, such as the cooling system, have an ion “exchange.” One metal “gives off” to the other. The degradation of one metal to the other is measured in an ASTM test known as the Corrosion in Glassware test.

Erosion
The mechanical wearing away of metal by the action of liquid or gas.

Pitting Corrosion
Localized attack in which the depth of penetration is at least the same order as the diameter of the area corroded. A dangerous form of corrosion.

Tech Tips - Part 5

With over 75 years in the filtration industry, Baldwin Filters recognises that there is specific terminology we all use to communication different aspects related back to filters, filter maintenance and performance, filter components etc. In order to help us all understand the different characteristics of filters, regardless of the brand, Baldwin have created a series of Tech Tips where they will look at and explain the different terminology we all use

Filter Element Types

Strainer
This type is limited to the use of screens, either as a single or multiple unit. The materials are non-absorbent and are of a metallic or woven fabric. In some cases, a bulk pack of vegetable fibers is used for a depth type of screening operation.

Depth
This type consists of a bulk or mass of material through which the liquid must flow. The materials used can be of the absorbent or the non-absorbent type or a mixture of both.

Combination Depth
This element consists of several kinds of materials formed with different densities. One material, usually non-absorbent, is used to give fast flow and another absorbent material is used to obtain the maximum of efficiency.

Surface
Treated paper or specified materials is formed to create a large area of surface. The shapes assumed to give large areas of surface are generally of the radial pleat or accordion pleat design.

Filter Media Types

Cellulose
Cellulose fibres, wood based materials, are irregular in shape and size and have the ability to trap small contaminant particles while holding a significant amount of those contaminants.

Cellulose Blends
This media, uses cellulose as a base and adds glass or synthetic fibres to it, to provide other properties to the media.

Layered Blends
Combines layers of cellulose and synthetic medias to increase contaminant removal efficiency and contaminant holding capacity.

Synthetic Blends
Synthetic or blown glass fibres are sandwiched between nylon and polyester. This media may be reinforced with wire or other types of backing. Provides excellent flow properties and less restriction to flow or pressure drop across the media.

Tech Tips Part 4

With over 75 years in the filtration industry, Baldwin Filters recognises that there is specific terminology we all use to communication different aspects related back to filters, filter maintenance and performance, filter components etc.

In order to help us all understand the different characteristics of filters, regardless of the brand, we have created a series of Tech Tips where we will look at and explain the different terminology we all use

AC Flow 
A lab test to measure and compare porosity of filter material. A measured amount of test fluid is timed as it flows through a 1", 2" or 3" diameter piece of material. The test is used for quality control and to compare filter materials. The information is stated as how many seconds it takes to flow one liter of fluid through the media.

Bubble Point Test 
A lab test to measure porosity in order to rate and compare filter media materials. A sample of filter material to be tested is placed in a fixture and covered by one inch of test fluid. The underside of the fixture is open and attached to a line of air pressure. The pressure required to push an air bubble through the material and fluid is the bubble point. The measurement is stated in inches of water.

Coulter Porometer 
Computerized test used to determine the porosity of a given media sample. Actual pore sizes can be determined for entire filter media. Usually given as minimum, maximum and mean pore sizes. This test is used to determine micron ratings.

Frazier Test 
A porosity test using an air flow device. Air is pulled by a vacuum pump through the material to be tested and then through a specifically sized opening. The volume of air flow is measured while the restriction is held constant. This test provides a means to compare performance of several materials. This is a quality control test. The information is stated as cubic feet per minute (CFM).

Gurley Stiffness Test 
A lab device to measure the resistance to bending or folding of a material. The measurement is stated as milligrams of force.

Mullen Burst Test 
A device to measure the force (in pounds per square inch) required to burst a given area of filter material.

Keep your eyes out for part 5 in our series of Tech Tips!

Baldwin Tech Tips - Part 3

With over 75 years in the filtration industry, Baldwin Filters recongises that there is specific terminology we all use to communication different aspects related back to filters, filter maintenance and performance, filter components etc.

In order to help us all understand the different characteristics of filters, regardless of the brand, we have created a series of Tech Tips where we will look at and explain the different terminology we all use.

Anti-Drainback Valve
The valve often provided in the inlet of a filter to prevent oil draining back through the oil pump.

By-Pass Valve
In some systems this valve is built into the filter. In other systems, this valve is built into the casting to which the filter attaches. The valve allows oil to by-pass the filter when the filter element does not permit a proper flow of oil to lubricate the engine as in cold start or filter plugging situations.

End Seal
A means of sealing against the flow of unfiltered oil outside the end caps of a filter element. The end seal is quite often fastened to the end cap with adhesive or a metal retainer device. Compression seals fit against smooth surfaces using a spring to compress.

Post Seal
A means of sealing the filter to a post located on the filter adapter or within the filter housing. This component seals on its inside diameter radially around the post.

Stand Pipe
This often serves to maintain a certain level of oil within the filter following engine shutdown. May also be used as the oil inlet or outlet tube and in some filters contains the pressure differential valve.

Retainer
Any device that holds a component in place.

Drain Valve
Typically found on spin-on fuel filter/water separators, this valves allows draining of water from the filter if need be prior to changing out the filter.

Water-In-Fuel (WIF) Sensor
Included within some fuel filter/water separators, sends an electrical signal to notify the end user if water has reached a certain level within the filter.

Keep your eyes out for part 4 in our series of Tech Tips!

Baldwin Filter Tech Tips - Part 2

With over 75 years in the filtration industry, Baldwin Filters recongises that there is specific terminology we all use to communication different aspects related back to filters, filter maintenance and performance, filter components etc.

In order to help us all understand the different characteristics of filters, regardless of the brand, we have created a series of Tech Tips where we will look at and explain the different terminology we all use.

Baseplate (Tapping Plate)
Typically made of steel or aluminum, this part is threaded to attach the spin-on filter to the filter adapter and to allow fluid to exit the filter. It also includes punched holes to allow fluid to enter the filter.

Seaming Lid
This part joins the canister to the baseplate on a spin-on filter and in some cases holds the sealing gasket in place.

Sealing Gasket
The sealing gasket seals the filter to the filter adapter or to the housing sealing surface. This gasket may or may not be attached to the filter.

Canister
This is the outer shell of a spin-on filter. The canister retains all of the filter components in one unit for ease of installation and removal.

Centertube
This is typically a perforated or louvered tube which forms the centre of a filter element to support the media and through which the cleansed fluid returns to the machine.

End Cap
Plastic, metal, paper or a combination, formed to seal the two ends of a filter cartridge or element. Sealing compound is commonly placed in the end caps first, then the media is inserted into the compound. In some instances, the media is directly embedded to the end cap itself.

Media
In various forms, including cellulose, synthetic and blended materials, removes harmful contaminants from the air or fluid.

Compression Spring
This device holds the filter element in position inside the filter housing or canister. Some designs use a coil spring, while others use a leaf spring.

Keep your eyes out for part 3 in our series of Tech Tips!

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Baldwin Filter Tech Tips - Part 1

In order to help us all understand the different characteristics of filters, regardless of the brand, Baldwin Filters have created a series of Tech Tips.

With over 75 years in the filtration industry, Baldwin Filters recongises that there is specific terminology we all use to communication different aspects related back to filters, filter maintenance and performance, filter components etc.

Filter Cartridge or Element
Filter media that may be, and usually is, cylindrical and is disposed of when it reaches a set limit or restriction as it removes contaminant and holds it. Cartridges may be of pleated paper, pleated wire screen, fibre packed or wound in a core or fibrous board material cut into discs and stacked atop each other to form a cylinder.

Spin On Filter
A filter that typically includes a cartridge or element contained within a threaded canister assembly, which allows the filter to be attached to and removed from the filter adapter (adapter base).

Filter Adapter (Adapter Base)
A cast or machined device used to hold a filter in a position and to introduce oil into the filter. An adapter is used with spin on filters as well as with shell type filters. It includes a gasket sealing groove or surface, inlet and outlet ports and either a stud bolt or a threaded hole for attachment of the filter.

Filter Housings
Containers designed to hold filter cartridges and to direct the flow so that contaminants are permanently removed from the flow stream.

By-Pass Filter
A filter that is designed to accept a small percentage (10%) of the fluid in a lubrication system and pass it through a very restrictive media or centrifugal particulate separation. Typically, the fluid is sent to the by-pass filter and then directly back to the sump or crankcase. The fluid is said to have been “scrubbed” due to the restrictive small particle separation that occurs.

Full-Flow Filter
All of the oil that goes through this filter moves on to lubricate the engine. This filter removes the larger particles of contaminant that may be harmful to the engine from the oil. All oil is cleaned when a full-flow filter is used.

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